Activity and Stability Test of Antiseptic Preparations from The Formulation Combination of Betel Leaf (Piper betle L), Lime Peel (Citrus aurantifolia) and Bundung Plant (Actinoscirpus grossus)
Keywords:
Betel leaf-lime peel-bundung plant, antiseptic, bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes.Abstract
Antiseptic are chemical compounds that are used to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms that found on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes. Betel leaf (Piper betel) has long been used in traditional medicine because it is believed to have effects that can kill bacteria. Lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia) has also been widely used to kill germs. While for bundung plants (Actinoscirpus grossus) by the community, it is used as wound medicine. Besides functioning as antibacterial, a flavonoid also functions to increase enzymatic activity and inhibit cell proliferation. The method of this research is completely randomized experimental design with concentration formulation of 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% and tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia Coli and Streptococcus pyogenes with disk diffusion method and test stability of formulations (organoleptic, pH, viscosity, cycling test and stability). The result of all formulations have an inhibitory power against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogenes. The result of F1 20% inhibition only against Escherichia coli 11 mm, F2 30% inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus 7 mm. Escherichia coli 22 mm, F3 40% inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus 23mm, and Escherichia coli 26 mm, and F4 50% inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus 40 mm, Escherichia coli 31 mm, and Streptococcus pyogenes was 18 mm. Stability test results showed that all formulations stable on odor, color and pH but unstable in syneresis. The conclusion of the research of all formulations stabil and has an inhibitory effect on bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus pyogenes.
References
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Martin, A. J. S., Swarbrick, & Cammarata, A. (1993). Farmasi Fisika (Yhosita (ed.); 3rd ed.). UI Press.
Nastiti, K., Noval, N., & Kurniawati, D. (2021). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Kombinasi Infusa Daun Sirih (Piper betle L), Ekstrak Etanolik Tanaman Bundung (Actinuscirpus grossus) dan Kulit Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia). Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), 7(1), 115-122.
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Noval, N., Melviani, M., Novia, N., & Syahrina, D. (2020). Formulasi Dan Evaluasi Sediaan Obat Kumur (Mouthwash) Dari Ekstrak Etanol Tanaman Bundung (Actinoscirpus Grossus) Sebagai Antiseptik Mulut. Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), 6(1), 112-120.
Noval, N., Rosyifa, R., & Annisa, A. (2020). Effect of HPMC Concentration Variation as Gelling Agent on Physical Stability of Formulation Gel Ethanol Extract Bundung Plants (Actinuscirpus Grossus). In Proceedings of the First National Seminar Universitas Sari Mulia (pp. 1-15).
Noval, N., Yuwindry, I., & Syahrina, D. (2019). Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Bundung Plants Extract by Dilution Method. Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), 5(1), 143-154.
Noval, N., & Harliantika, Y. (2021). Formulation and Evaluation Hydrogel of Agarwood Leaf (Aquilaria malacensis Lamk.) Extract Ethanol with Combination Carbopol 940 and HPMC K4M. Journal of Pharmaceutical Care Anwar Medika (J-PhAM), 3(2), 55-70.
Noval, N., Nastiti, K., Nugraha, D. F., Rahmadani, R., & Alawiyah, T. (2020). PRODUK INOVASI HAND SANITIZER DARI AKAR BAJAKAH SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19. LOGISTA-Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 4(2), 305-312.
Noval, N., & Rosyifa, R. (2021). Dispersi Padat untuk Peningkatan Laju Disolusi Natrium Diklofenak dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Polivinil Pirolidon K30. Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), 6(2), 94-101.
Noval, N., Nugraha, D. F., Nastiti, K., Syahrina, D., & Novia, N. (2021). Local Natural Product Development in the Era of Covid 19 Pandemic. Indonesia Berdaya, 2(2), 133-140.
Noval, N., Kuncahyo, I., Pratama, A. F. S., Nabillah, S., & Hatmayana, R. (2021). Formulasi Sediaan Tablet Effervescent dari Ekstrak Etanol Tanaman Bundung (Actionoscirpus grossus) sebagai Antioksidan. Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), 7(1), 128-139.
Noval, N., & Harliantika, Y. (2021). Formulation and Evaluation Hydrogel of Agarwood Leaf (Aquilaria malacensis Lamk.) Extract Ethanol with Combination Carbopol 940 and HPMC K4M. Journal of Pharmaceutical Care Anwar Medika (J-PhAM), 3(2), 55-70.
Noval, N., & Malahayati, S. (2021). Teknologi penghantaran obat terkendali (H. Aulia (ed.); Pertama). CV. Pena Persada.
Novia, N., & Noval, N. (2021). Pengaruh Kombinasi Polimer Polivinil Pirolidon dan Etil Selulosa terhadap Karakteristik dan Uji Penetrasi Formulasi Transdermal Patch Ekstrak Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L). Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), 7(1), 173-184.
Panjaitan, E. N., Saragih, A., & Purba, D. (2012). Formulasi Gel Dari Ekstrak Rimpang Jahe Merah ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe ). Journal of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, 1(1), 9–20.
Putri, Y. R., & Sukma, D. (2019). Pemberian Ekstrak Rebusan Daun Sirih Sebagai Pengganti Perak Nitrat Dalam Larutan Pengawet Bunga Potong Dendrobium ‘Sonia.’ Bul. Agrohorti, l(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.v7i1.24387
Rowe, R. C. (2009). Handbook of Pharmaeuticaal Excipients (6th ed.). The Pharmaceutical Press.
Syahrina, D., & Noval, N. (2021). Optimasi Kombinasi Asam Sitrat dan Asam Tartrat sebagai Zat Pengasam pada Tablet Effervescent Ekstrak Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas L). Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), 7(1), 156-172.
V, K. P., N, Y. K., S, D. R., S, N. N., S, S. R., & J, P. M. (2012). Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Studies on Roots of Agave. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 4(3), 92–96.
Aiello, & Susan, E. (2012). The Merck Etinary manual USA. Merck Shar D & Dohme Corp.
Ansel. (1989). Pengantar Bentuk Sediaan Farmasi (Empat). Universitas Indonesia Press.
Ardana, M., Aeyni, V., & Ibrahim, A. (2015). Formulasi dan optimasi basis gel hpmc (Hidroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose) Dengan Berbagai Variasi Konsentrasi. J. Trop. Pharm. Chem, 3(2), 101–108. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25026/jtpc.v3i2.95
Aulton, M. (2001). Pharmaceutic The Science of Dossage Forms Design (Chruchill).
Chusniah, I., & Muhtadi, A. (2007). Review Artikel: Aktivitas Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) Sebagai Antibakteri, Antivirus, Antifungal, Larvasida, Dan Anthelmintik. Farmaka, 15(2), 9–22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24198/jf.v15i2.13040
Clinic, M. (2019). Disease and Condition,E.Coli.
Dhawan, S., Medhi, B., & Sunny Chopra. (2009). Sci Pharm Formulation and Evaluation of Diltiazem Hydrochloride Gels for the Treatment of Anal Fissures. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 465–482. https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.0903-10
Garg, A., Aggarwal, D., Garg, S., & Singla, A. K. (2002). Spreading of Semisolid Formulations. Pharmaceutical Technology, September.
Ghazali, R. (2009). Kekentalan.
Giancoli, & C, D. (2001). Fisika (I). Erlangga.
Handayani, P. A., & Nurcahyanti, H. (2015). Ekstraksi Minyak Atsiri Daun Zodia (Evodia Suaveolens) Dengan Metode Maserasi dan Distilasi Air. Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan, 4(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v3i1.3095
Harliantika, Y. (2021). Formulasi dan Evaluasi Hidrogel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gaharu (Aquilaria malacensis Lamk.) dengan Kombinasi Basis Karbopol 940 dan HPMC K4M. Journal of Pharmacy and Science, 6(1), 37-46.
Haryono, I. A., Noval, N., & Nugraha, B. (2021). Formulasi Buah Tampoi (Baccaurea macrocarpa) dalam Sediaan Masker Gel sebagai Antiaging. Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), 6(2), 102-110.
Health, K. S. B. of. (2008). Annual Report of the State Board of Health of the state of Kansas USA:BiecioBazaar LLC.
Hoque, M. M., Rattila, S., Shishir, M. A., Bari, M. L., Inatsu, Y., & Kawamoto, S. (2011). Original Article Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Betel Leaf ( Piper betle L .) Against Some Food Borne Pathogens. Bangladesh J Microbiol, 28(2), 58–63. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i2.11817
Kesehatan, R. D. (2000). Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat. Direktorat Jenderal Pengawas Obat dan Makanan.
Kurniadari, N., Susantiningsih, T., & Berawi, K. N. (2015). Efek Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Jeruk Nipis ( Citrus aurantifolia ) sebagai Senyawa Nefroprotektor terhadap Gambaran Histopatologis Ginjal yang Diinduksi Cisplatin The Effect of Lime Peel Extract ( Citrus aurantifolia ) as Nephroprotector to Histopathological K. 4, 140–143.
Kurniawati, D., & Nastiti, K. (2020). Potentials of Betel Leaf Infusion (Piper betle L), Lime Peel Extract (Citrus aurantifolia) and Bundung Extract (Actinoscirpus grossus) as Candidiasis Therapy. Berkala Kedokteran, 16(2), 95-104.
Kurniawati, D., Noval, N., & Nastiti, K. (2020). Potensi antiseptik poliherbal daun sirih (piper betle), kulit jeruk nipis (citrus aurantifolia) dan tanaman bundung (actinuscirpus grossus) pada tindakan keperawatan dan kebidanan. DINAMIKA KESEHATAN: JURNAL KEBIDANAN DAN KEPERAWATAN, 11(1), 420-431.
Kurniawati, D., & Nastiti, K. (2021). Potensi Formulasi Infusa Daun Sirih (Piper betle L), Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) dan Ekstrak Bundung (Actinoscirpus grossus) sebagai Terapi Kandidiasis. Penerbit NEM.
Kurniawati, D. (2021). Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antiseptik dari Bahan Alam Kulit Jeruk Nipis, Daun Sirih dan Tanaman Bundung terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Candida albican. FARMASIS: Jurnal Sains Farmasi, 2(1), 25-31.
Lachman, L., H., Lieberman, & J.l., K. (2007). Teori dan Praktek Industri Farmasi (III). UI Press.
Levinson, W. E. (2008). Review of Medical Mycrobyology dan Imunology (Ten). The Mc Graw-HillComponies,Inc.
Lieberman. (2005). Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 3 Applications of Sol Gel Technology. Springer Sciemce & Business Media.
Mardiana, Z. H., Gadri, A., & Mulqie, L. (2015). Formulasi Gel yang Mengandung Lendir Bekicot (Achatina Fulica) serta Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri terhadap Propionibacterium Acnes [PROSIDING]. Prosiding Penelitian SPeSIA, 2007, 223–230. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/v.0i0.1776
Martin, A. (2008). Farmasi Fisik Dasar-Dasar Kimia Fisik dalam Ilmu Farmasetik. Universitas Indonesia.
Martin, A. J. S., Swarbrick, & Cammarata, A. (1993). Farmasi Fisika (Yhosita (ed.); 3rd ed.). UI Press.
Nastiti, K., Noval, N., & Kurniawati, D. (2021). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Kombinasi Infusa Daun Sirih (Piper betle L), Ekstrak Etanolik Tanaman Bundung (Actinuscirpus grossus) dan Kulit Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia). Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), 7(1), 115-122.
Ni Putu Rahayu Kusuma Pratiwi. (2016). Analisis Kandungan Kimia ekstrak daun sirih hijau. Universitas Ganesha Singaraja.
Noval, N., Ferlina, F., & Indartantri, K. B. (2019, December). Formulasi Dan Evaluasi Suspensi Ubi Cilembu Dengan Menggunakan Perbandingan Suspending Agent Antara Na Cmc Dan Xanthan Gum. In Proceeding of Sari Mulia University Pharmacy National Seminars (Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 57-66).
Noval, N., Melviani, M., Novia, N., & Syahrina, D. (2020). Formulasi Dan Evaluasi Sediaan Obat Kumur (Mouthwash) Dari Ekstrak Etanol Tanaman Bundung (Actinoscirpus Grossus) Sebagai Antiseptik Mulut. Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), 6(1), 112-120.
Noval, N., Rosyifa, R., & Annisa, A. (2020). Effect of HPMC Concentration Variation as Gelling Agent on Physical Stability of Formulation Gel Ethanol Extract Bundung Plants (Actinuscirpus Grossus). In Proceedings of the First National Seminar Universitas Sari Mulia (pp. 1-15).
Noval, N., Yuwindry, I., & Syahrina, D. (2019). Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Bundung Plants Extract by Dilution Method. Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), 5(1), 143-154.
Noval, N., & Harliantika, Y. (2021). Formulation and Evaluation Hydrogel of Agarwood Leaf (Aquilaria malacensis Lamk.) Extract Ethanol with Combination Carbopol 940 and HPMC K4M. Journal of Pharmaceutical Care Anwar Medika (J-PhAM), 3(2), 55-70.
Noval, N., Nastiti, K., Nugraha, D. F., Rahmadani, R., & Alawiyah, T. (2020). PRODUK INOVASI HAND SANITIZER DARI AKAR BAJAKAH SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19. LOGISTA-Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 4(2), 305-312.
Noval, N., & Rosyifa, R. (2021). Dispersi Padat untuk Peningkatan Laju Disolusi Natrium Diklofenak dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Polivinil Pirolidon K30. Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), 6(2), 94-101.
Noval, N., Nugraha, D. F., Nastiti, K., Syahrina, D., & Novia, N. (2021). Local Natural Product Development in the Era of Covid 19 Pandemic. Indonesia Berdaya, 2(2), 133-140.
Noval, N., Kuncahyo, I., Pratama, A. F. S., Nabillah, S., & Hatmayana, R. (2021). Formulasi Sediaan Tablet Effervescent dari Ekstrak Etanol Tanaman Bundung (Actionoscirpus grossus) sebagai Antioksidan. Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), 7(1), 128-139.
Noval, N., & Harliantika, Y. (2021). Formulation and Evaluation Hydrogel of Agarwood Leaf (Aquilaria malacensis Lamk.) Extract Ethanol with Combination Carbopol 940 and HPMC K4M. Journal of Pharmaceutical Care Anwar Medika (J-PhAM), 3(2), 55-70.
Noval, N., & Malahayati, S. (2021). Teknologi penghantaran obat terkendali (H. Aulia (ed.); Pertama). CV. Pena Persada.
Novia, N., & Noval, N. (2021). Pengaruh Kombinasi Polimer Polivinil Pirolidon dan Etil Selulosa terhadap Karakteristik dan Uji Penetrasi Formulasi Transdermal Patch Ekstrak Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L). Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), 7(1), 173-184.
Panjaitan, E. N., Saragih, A., & Purba, D. (2012). Formulasi Gel Dari Ekstrak Rimpang Jahe Merah ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe ). Journal of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, 1(1), 9–20.
Putri, Y. R., & Sukma, D. (2019). Pemberian Ekstrak Rebusan Daun Sirih Sebagai Pengganti Perak Nitrat Dalam Larutan Pengawet Bunga Potong Dendrobium ‘Sonia.’ Bul. Agrohorti, l(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.v7i1.24387
Rowe, R. C. (2009). Handbook of Pharmaeuticaal Excipients (6th ed.). The Pharmaceutical Press.
Syahrina, D., & Noval, N. (2021). Optimasi Kombinasi Asam Sitrat dan Asam Tartrat sebagai Zat Pengasam pada Tablet Effervescent Ekstrak Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas L). Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), 7(1), 156-172.
V, K. P., N, Y. K., S, D. R., S, N. N., S, S. R., & J, P. M. (2012). Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Studies on Roots of Agave. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 4(3), 92–96.
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