PENGARUH PEMBERIAN VITAMIN D TERHADAP KEJADIAN PREEKLAMPSIA PADA IBU HAMIL: LITERATUR REVIEW
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Abstract
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MULIYANI RUSMITA. Pengaruh Pemberian Vitamin D Terhadap Kejadian Preeklampsia Pada Ibu Hamil: Literatur Review. Dibimbing oleh FITRI YULIANA dan NOVALIA WIDYA NINGRUM.
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Latar Belakang : Preeklampsia merupakan salah satu penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas ibu dan janin di negara berkembang, pada tahun 2015 kematian ibu sekitar 239/100.000 kelahiran hidup, di Indonesia pada tahun 2020 AKI merupakan tertinggi di Asia Tenggara. Penyebab kematian di Indonesia yang disebabkan preeklampsia sekitar 7 – 10 % dari seluruh kehamilan. Banyak teori yang dianggap penyebab preeklampsia salah satunya adalah teori iskemia plasenta, sehingga suplementasi vitamin D dianggap berperan dalam menurunkan risiko preeklampsia,.
Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pemberian vitamin D terhadap kejadian preeklampsia pada ibu hamil melalui literatur review.
Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi literatur dengan menggunakan beberapa sumber yang dipilih berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan peneliti.
Hasil : Dari 10 jenis literatur ditemukan kadar dan efek vitamin D bahwa ibu hamil dengan kadar 25 (OH) D yang cukup yaitu rerata ≥ 30 ng/mL mempunyai efek yang dapat mencegah terjadinya preeklampsia selama kehamilan, serta ada pengaruh pemberian vitamin D terhadap kejadian preeklampsia pada ibu hamil.
Simpulan : Suplementasi vitamin D yang rendah dapat berkontribusi terhadap beberapa masalah selama kehamilan salah satunya adalah terjadinya preeklampsia, sehingga membutuhkan asupan vitamin D yang cukup pada ibu hamil.
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Kata Kunci : Ibu hamil, preeklamspia, vitamin D.
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ABSTRACTÂ
MULIYANI RUSMITA. Literature Review: The Effect of Vitamin D on the Incidence of Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women. Supervised by FITRI YULIANA and NOVALIA WIDYA NINGRUM.
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Introduction: Preeclampsia is one of the main causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in developing countries, in 2015 maternal mortality was around 239/100.000 live births, in Indonesia 2020 the MMR was the highest in Southeast Asia. The cause of death in Indonesia due to preeclampsia is about 7 – 10 % of all pregnancies. There are many theories that are considered the cause of preeclampsia one of which is the theory of pacental ischemia, so that vitamin D supplementation is considered to play a role in reducing the risk of preeclampsia.
Aims: This study aims to analyze the effect of vitamin D on the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women through a literature review.
Methods: This study used a literature study approach using several selected sources based on the creteria set by the researcher.
Results: From 10 types of literature, it was found that the levels and effects of vitamin D showed that pregnant women with sufficient levels of 25(OH)D, namely ≥ 30 ng/mL, had an effect that could  prevent preeclampsia during pregnancy, and there was an effect of vitamin D on the incidence of preeclampsia in mother pregnant.
Conclusion: Low vitamin D supplementation can contribute to several problems during pregnancy, one of which is the occurrence of preeclampsia, which requires adequate vitamin D intake for pregnant women.
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Keywords: Preeclampsia, pregnant women, vitamin D
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References
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